Canada's government benefit system is extensive, and many newcomers leave significant money on the table by not applying for benefits they're entitled to. The key to accessing benefits is filing your Canadian tax return — most benefits are calculated based on your tax return and automatically assessed when you file. Others require separate applications. This guide covers the most important benefits for newcomers.
The CCB is a tax-free monthly payment to families raising children under 18. The amount depends on your family net income, number of children, and children's ages. For 2024-2025, families receive up to $7,787 per year per child under 6, and up to $6,570 per year per child aged 6-17 (lower amounts for higher incomes).
To apply, complete form RC66 (Canada Child Benefits Application) and submit with proof of your child's birth and your immigration status. You can also apply through CRA My Account. Apply as soon as you arrive — benefits are paid monthly and you want to minimize the period before payments begin.
The GST/HST Credit is a quarterly payment to low and moderate-income Canadians to offset the GST/HST they pay on purchases. Apply by filing your annual tax return — the credit is automatically assessed. For 2024, a single person receives approximately $519/year; a couple receives $680/year.
Newcomers who work in Canada and contribute to EI through payroll deductions are eligible for EI benefits if they lose their job through no fault of their own (layoff, end of contract). To qualify, you typically need 420-700 hours of insurable employment in the past 52 weeks (varies by regional unemployment rate). EI benefits are 55% of average insurable weekly earnings, up to a maximum. Permanent residents and temporary workers are eligible on the same basis as Canadian citizens.
CPP contributions begin automatically when you work in Canada (deducted from your paycheque). You accumulate CPP credits with every year of Canadian employment. CPP retirement pension can be collected from age 60 (reduced) to age 70 (enhanced). Survivors' pension and disability benefits are also available. There is no citizenship or permanent residence requirement — newcomers build CPP entitlement from day one of Canadian employment.
Provincial benefits vary. In Ontario, key benefits triggered by tax filing include: the Ontario Trillium Benefit (energy and property tax credits), Ontario GAINS (Guaranteed Annual Income System) for low-income seniors, and Ontario Works (social assistance, income-tested). Most provincial benefits are applied for through the tax return or provincial social services agencies.
Some benefits have residency or citizenship waiting periods:
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